Journal Papers

Book Chapter

[02] B. Lee and H.-M. Lee, "Wireless Applications: Biomedical Signals Telemetry System," in Handbook of Biochips: Integrated Circuits and Systems for Biology and Medicine, Ed. M. Sawan, Ch. 44, Springer, Feb. 2022.

[01] H.-M. Lee and M. Ghovanloo, "Energy Management Integrated Circuits for Wireless Power Transmission," in Implantable Biomedical Microsystems, Ed. S. Bhunia, Ch. 5, Elsevier Science & Technology, Feb. 2015.

Journal Papers (International)

<2025>

[63] M. Kim, W. Jung, H. Park, J. Song, Y. Ahn, T. Nam, Y. Shin, Y.-J. Woo, and H.-M. Lee, "A 96.5% Efficiency Hybrid Step-Up Converter with Low Input-Level Voltage Stress and Duty-Independent Constant Inductor Current," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, accepted.

[62] M. Kang, M. Um, J. Won, J. Kang, S. Hong, N. Han, S. Kim, S. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "An Analog Neuromorphic On-Chip Training System with IGZO TFT-Based 6T1C Synaptic Memory," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, accepted.

[61] K. Eom, H.-S. Lee, S.-B. Ku, J. Kang, H. Jung, T. Kim, J. Joo, T. Kim, Y.-M. Shon, and H.-M. Lee, "A 10-V-Tolerant Dual-Mode Neural Stimulation System with Self-Sustaining Dynamic Supply and Error-Resilient Digital Stimulus Odometer," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, accepted.

[60] B. Lee, W. Ji, H. Kim, S. Han, G. Park, P. Hur, G. Jeon, H.-M. Lee, Y. Chung, J. Son, Y.-Y. Noh, and S. Kim, "Design Strategies of Capacitor-Based Synaptic Cell for High-Efficiency Analog Neural Network Training," Advanced Intelligent Systems, accepted.

[59] H.-S. Lee, K. Eom, and H.-M. Lee, "A Single-Input Multi-Output Resonant Regulating Rectifier Generating Three Outputs in a Half Cycle for Wirelessly Powered Biomedical Devices," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 2956-2969, Jun. 2025.

[58] M. Um, M. Kang, K. Eom, H. Kwak, K. Noh, J. Lee, J. Son, J. Kwon, S. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "A Multi-bit ECRAM-Based Analog Neuromorphic System with High-Precision Current Readout Achieving 97.3% Inference Accuracy," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 590-604, Jun. 2025.

[57] J. Ahn, H.-S. Lee, K. Eom, W. Jung, and H.-M. Lee, "A 13.56-MHz 93.5%-Efficiency Optimal On/Off Timing Tracking Active Rectifier with Digital Feedback-Based Adaptive Delay Control," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 562-576, Jun. 2025.

[56] H. Roh, J. Kang, H.-M. Lee, and M. Im, "Enhanced Optogenetic Stimulation of Retinal Ganglion Cells with Assistive Electric Stimulation for Low Optical Power Artificial Vision," IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 33, pp. 1958-1968, May 2025.

[55] S.-B. Ku, J. Kim, K. Lee, H.-S. Lee, K. Eom, M. Park, C. Cha, and H.-M. Lee, "An RF MEMS Sensor Driver/Readout SoC with Resonant Frequency Shift and Closed-Loop Envelope Regulation for Portable Microplastic Detection," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1756-1770, May 2025.

[54] H.-S. Lee and H.-M. Lee, "A Power-Efficient Envelope-Detector-Less Amplitude-Shift-Keying Forward Telemetry for Wirelessly Powered Biomedical Devices," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 374-384, Apr. 2025.

[53] W. Jung, H. Park, M. Kim, H.-P. Le, H. Jin, J.-P. Hong, Y.-J. Woo, and H.-M. Lee, "A Scalable Distributed Linear Regulator with 99.5%-Accuracy Replica-based Current Sharing Calibration for Automotive Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 3633-3642, Apr. 2025.

[52] S. H. Choi, M. Kang, K.-W. Kwon, J. S. Kim, J.-M. Jung, and H.-M. Lee, "An Energy-Efficient Real-Time Wearable ECG Acquisition System with Near-Data Prediagnosis for Mobile Applications," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 74, pp. 1-11, Mar. 2025.

[51] K. Eom, H.-S. Lee, M. Park, S. M. Yang, J. C. Choe, S.-W. Hwang, Y.-W. Suh, and H.-M. Lee, "Development of Ocular Muscle Stimulation Systems and Optimization of Electrical Stimulus Parameters for Paralytic Strabismus Treatment," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 515-527, Feb. 2025.

[50] H. Jo, M. Kang, M. Um, J. Kim, K.-W. Kwon, S. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "Verification of Neuromorphic Processing Accuracy against Non-Ideal Errors in Synapse-based Neural Network Systems," International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 453-465, Jan. 2025.

<2024>

[49] H. Roh, S. Kim, H.-M. Lee, and M. Im, "Quantitative Analyses of How Optimally Heterogeneous Neural Codes Maximize Neural Information in Jittery Transmission Environments," Scientific Reports, vol. 14, Nov. 2024.

[48] K. Eom and H.-M. Lee, "An Average Amplitude Regulation Scheme for Ambient Illuminance Adaptation in Retinal Prosthesis," IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters, vol. 7, pp. 347-350, Nov. 2024.

[47] H.-S. Lee and H.-M. Lee, "A 92.7%-Efficiency 6.78-MHz Energy-Resuscitating Resonant Regulating Rectifier with Dual Outputs for Wirelessly Powered Devices," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 3204-3217, Oct. 2024.

[46] K. Noh, H. Kwak, J. Son, S. Kim, M. Um, M. Kang, D. Kim, W. Ji, J. Lee, H. Jo, J. Woo, H.-M. Lee, and S. Kim, "Retention-Aware Zero-Shifting Technique for Tiki-Taka Algorithm-Based Analog Deep Learning Accelerator," Science Advances, vol. 10, no. 24, Jun. 2024.

[45] W. Jung, H. Park, M. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "A 94.9% Efficiency Always-Power-Delivered SIDO Buck Converter with Continuous Current Balancing and Complementary Adaptive-Switching Regulation," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1759-1770, Jun. 2024.

[44] J. Song, M. Kim, H. Park, W. Jung, Y. Ahn, T. Nam, Y. Shin, Y.-J. Woo, and H.-M. Lee, "A 96.3%-Efficiency Wide-Voltage-Range Three-Level Boost Converter with Loop-Free Self-Balancing and Dead-Zone PWM Control for Backlight LED Drivers," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 7064-7075, Jun. 2024.

[43] K. Eom, H.-S. Lee, M. Park, S. M. Yang, J. C. Choe, S.-W. Hwang, Y.-W. Suh, and H.-M. Lee, "A 92%-Efficiency Inductor-Charging Switched-Capacitor Stimulation System with Level-Adaptive Duty Modulation and Offset Charge Balancing," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1521-1531, May 2024.

[42] D. Kim, H. Roh, H.-M. Lee, S. J. Kim, and M. Im, "Localization of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the vertebrate retinas across species and their physiological roles," Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, vol. 18, Mar. 2024.

[41] M. Park, K. Eom, H.-S. Lee, S.-B. Ku, and H.-M. Lee, "A 9-V-Tolerant Stacked-Switched-Capacitor Stimulation System with Level-Adaptive Switch Control and Rapid Stimulus-Synchronized Charge Balancing for Implantable Devices," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 817-829, Mar. 2024.

[40] W. Jung, M. Kim, H. Park, S.-M. Yoo, J.-H. Yang, M. Choi, J. Shin, and H.-M. Lee, "A 95.4% Hybrid Always-Dual-Path Recursive Step-Down Converter Using Adaptive Switching Level Control with 288mΩ Large-DCR Inductor," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 2258-2269, Feb. 2024.

[39] D. Kim, H. Park, I. Yeo, Y. K. Lee, Y. Kim, H.-M. Lee, and K.-W. Kwon, "Rowhammer Attacks in Dynamic Random-Access Memory and Defense Methods," Sensors, vol. 24, no. 2, Jan. 2024.

<2023>

[38] K. Eom, M. Park, H.-S. Lee, S.-B. Ku, N. Kim, S. Cha, Y. S. Goo, S. Kim, S.-W. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "A Low-Stimulus-Scattering Pixel-Sharing Sub-Retinal Prosthesis SoC with Time-Based Photodiode Sensing and Per-Pixel Dynamic Voltage Scaling," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 2976-2989, Nov. 2023.

[37] D. Lee, S. Lee, M. Cho, H.-M. Lee, and Y. Kim, "Security Problems of Latest FPGAs and Reverse Engineering Methods of Xilinx 7-series FPGAs," Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 283-294, Oct. 2023.

[36] J. Won, J. Kang, S. Hong, N. Han, M. Kang, Y. Park, Y. Roh, H. Seo, C. Joe, U. Cho, M. Kang, M. Um, K.-H. Lee, J.-E. Yang, M. Jung, H.-M. Lee, S. Oh, S. Kim, and S. Kim, "Device-Algorithm Co-Optimization for an On-Chip Trainable Capacitor-Based Synaptic Device with IGZO TFT and Retention-Centric Tiki-Taka Algorithm," Advanced Science, vol. 10, no. 29, Oct. 2023.

[35] H. Park, W. Jung, M. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "A Wide-Load-Range and High-Slew Capacitor-Less NMOS LDO with Adaptive-Gain Nested Miller Compensation and Pre-Emphasis Inverse Biasing," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2696-2708, Oct. 2023.

[34] K.-H. Lee, J.-H. Kim, K.-S. Shin, C.-U. Cha, and H.-M. Lee, "Complementary Multisplit Ring Resonant MEMS Sensor With Microfilter for Microplastics Concentration Measurement," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 17, pp. 19105-19116, Sep. 2023.

[33] Y. Lee, W. Jung, S.-M. Yoo, T.-H. Kong, J.-H. Yang, M. Choi, J. Shin, and H.-M. Lee, "A High-Efficiency High-Voltage-Tolerant Buck Converter with Inductor Current Emulator for Battery-Powered IoT Devices," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 10917-10932, Sep. 2023.

[32] H.-S. Lee, K. Eom, M. Park, S.-B. Ku, K. Lee, T. Kim, T. Kim, Y.-M. Shon, H. Park, and H.-M. Lee, "A Multi-channel Neural Recording System with Neural Spike Scan and Adaptive Electrode Selection for High-density Neural Interface," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 2844-2857, Jul. 2023.

[31] M. Um and H.-M. Lee, "A Fault-Tolerant Current-Starved Ring Oscillator with Signal-Flip Protection Delay Cells against Radiation Effects," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 880-884, Mar. 2023.

[30] M. Kim, H. Lee, J. Ahn, and H.-M. Lee, "A 13.56-MHz Wireless Power and Data Transfer System with Current-Modulated Energy-Reuse Back Telemetry and Energy-Adaptive Voltage Regulation," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 400-410, Feb. 2023.

[29] H. Park, W. Jung, M. Kim, S. Kim, H. Lee, S. Kim, J. Lee, and H.-M. Lee, "A 0.3V-VIN, 0.015ps-FoM Fully Integrated Analog-Assisted Digital LDO with Dual-Negative Gate Control and Adaptive Transient Recovery Path," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 85-89, Jan. 2023.

<2022>

[28] H.-S. Lee, J. Ahn, M. Kang, and H.-M. Lee, "A Load-Insensitive Hybrid LSK Back Telemetry System with Slope-Based Demodulation for Inductively Powered Biomedical Devices," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 651-663, Aug. 2022.

[27] H.-S. Lee, K. Eom, M. Park, S.-B. Ku, K. Lee, and H.-M. Lee, "High-Density Neural Recording System Design," Biomedical Engineering Letters, vol. 12, no. 3, Aug. 2022.

[26] K.-D. Kim, S. Park, B. Lee, H.-M. Lee, and G.-H. Cho, "A 80x60 Microbolometer CMOS Thermal Imager Integrated With a Low-Noise 12-B DAC," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 8, pp. 8604-8608, Aug. 2022.

[25] H.-S. Lee, J. Ahn, K. Eom, W. Jung, S.-J. Lee, Y.-W. Jeong, S.-U. Shin, and H.-M. Lee, "A Power-Efficient Resonant Current Mode Receiver with Wide Input Range over Breakdown Voltages Using Automated Maximum Efficiency Control," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 8738-8750, Jul. 2022.

<2021>

[24] D. Ro, M. Um, and H.-M. Lee, "A Soft-Error-Tolerant SAR ADC with Dual-Capacitor Sample-and-Hold Control for Sensor Systems," Sensors, vol. 21, no. 14, Jul. 2021.

[23] H. Yu, M. Cho, S. Lee, H.-M. Lee, and Y. Kim, "Multi Look-up Table FPGA Reverse Engineering with Bitstream Extraction and Multiple PIP/PLP Matching," Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science, vol. 21, no. 1, Feb. 2021.

[22] W. Jung, S.-U. Shin, S.-W. Hong, S.-M. Yoo, T.-H. Kong, J.-H. Yang, S.-H. Kim, M. Choi, J. Shin, and H.-M. Lee, "Dual-Path Three-Level Buck Converter with Loop-Free Auto-Calibration for Flying Capacitor Self-Balancing," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 51-55, Jan. 2021.

<2020>

[21] J. Baek, H.-M. Lee, and S.-U. Shin, "Triple-Mode Switched-Inductor-Capacitor DC-DC Buck Converter with Reusable Flying Capacitor and Bang-Bang Zero-Current Detector for Wide Load Current Range," Electronics, vol. 9, no. 8, Aug. 2020.

[20] S.-U. Shin, S.-W. Hong, H.-M. Lee, and G.-H. Cho, "High Efficiency Hybrid Dual-Path Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Continuous Output Delivery Current for Low Output Ripple," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 6025-6038, Jun. 2020.

[19] S.-U. Shin, M. Choi, S. Jung, H.-M. Lee, and G.-H. Cho, "A Time-Interleaved Resonant Voltage Mode Wireless Power Receiver with Delay-Based Tracking Loops for Implantable Medical Devices," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1374-1385, May 2020.

[18] J. Park, H.-M. Lee, S.-U. Shin, W. Choi, and S.-W. Hong, "A 0.46mm2 On-Chip Compensated Type-III Buck Converter Using an Inner Feedback Loop with a Seamless CCM/DCM Transition Technique," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 4477-4482, May 2020.

[17] D. Ro, C. Min, M. Kang, I. J. Chang, and H.-M. Lee, "A Radiation-Hardened SAR ADC with Delay-Based Dual Feedback Flip-Flops for Sensor Readout Systems," Sensors, vol. 20, no. 1, Jan. 2020.

<2019>

[16] K.-D. Kim, H.-M. Lee, S.-W. Hong, and G.-H. Cho, "A Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter with State-Based Current Control for Li-Ion Battery Management in Mobile Applications," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 9623-9627, Dec. 2019.

[15] H.-M. Lee, Y.-J. Jeon, S.-W. Lee, B. Lee, and G.-H. Cho, "An Area and Power Efficient Interpolation Scheme Using Variable Current Control for 10-bit Data Drivers in Mobile Active-Matrix LCDs," IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 253-262, May 2019.

<2018>

[14] K. Jeong, D. Ro, G. Lee, M. Kang, and H.-M. Lee, "A Radiation-Hardened Instrumentation Amplifier for Sensor Readout Integrated Circuits in Nuclear Fusion Applications," Electronics, vol. 7, no. 12, Dec. 2018.

[13] H. Yu, H. Lee, S. Lee, Y. Kim, and H.-M. Lee, "Recent Advances in FPGA Reverse Engineering," Electronics, vol. 7, no. 10, Oct. 2018.

[12] H.-M. Lee, B. Howell, W. M. Grill, and M. Ghovanloo, "Stimulation Efficiency with Decaying Exponential Waveforms in a Wirelessly-Powered Capacitive Discharging Stimulation System," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 1095-1106, May 2018.

<2017>

[11] H.-M. Lee, C. S. Juvekar, J. Kwong, and A. P. Chandrakasan, "A Nonvolatile Flip-Flop-Enabled Cryptographic Wireless Authentication Tag with Per-Query Key Update and Power-Glitch Attack Countermeasures," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 272-283, Jan. 2017.

<~2016>

[10] K.-Y. Kwon, H.-M. Lee, M. Ghovanloo, A. Weber, and W. Li, "Design, Fabrication, and Packaging of an Integrated, Wirelessly-Powered Optrode Array for Optogenetics Application," Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 69, May 2015.

[09] H.-M. Lee, K.-Y. Kwon, W. Li, B. Howell, W. M. Grill, and M. Ghovanloo, "A Power-Efficient Switched-Capacitor Stimulating System for Electrical/Optical Deep-Brain Stimulation," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 360-374, Jan. 2015.

[08] H.-M. Lee and M. Ghovanloo, "A Power-Efficient Wireless Capacitor Charging System Through an Inductive Link," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 707-711, Oct. 2013.

[07] H.-M. Lee, H. Park, and M. Ghovanloo, "A Power-Efficient Wireless System with Adaptive Supply Control for Deep Brain Stimulation," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 2203-2216, Sep. 2013.

[06] H.-M. Lee and M. Ghovanloo, "A High Frequency Active Voltage Doubler in Standard CMOS Using Offset-Controlled Comparators for Inductive Power Transmission," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 213-224, Jun. 2013.

[05] H. Park, M. Kiani, H.-M. Lee, J. Kim, J. Block, B. Gosselin, and M. Ghovanloo, "A Wireless Magnetoresistive Sensing System for an Intraoral Tongue-Computer Interface," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 571-585, Dec. 2012.

[04] H.-M. Lee and M. Ghovanloo, "An Adaptive Reconfigurable Active Voltage Doubler/Rectifier for Extended-Range Inductive Power Transmission," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II, vol. 59, no. 8, pp.481-485, Aug. 2012.

[03] H.-M. Lee and M. Ghovanloo, "An Integrated Power-Efficient Active Rectifier with Offset-Controlled High Speed Comparators for Inductively-Powered Applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 1749-1760, Aug. 2011.

[02] S. B. Lee, H.-M. Lee, M. Kiani, U.-M. Jow, and M. Ghovanloo, "An Inductively Powered Scalable 32-ch Wireless Neural Recording System-on-a-Chip with Power Scheduling for Neuroscience Applications," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 360-371, Dec. 2010.

[01] Y.-J. Jeon, H.-M. Lee, S.-W. Lee, G.-H. Cho, H.-R. Kim, Y.-K. Choi, and M. Lee, "A Piecewise Linear 10 bit DAC Architecture with Drain Current Modulation for Compact AMLCD Driver ICs," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 12, pp.3659-3675, Dec. 2009.

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